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Cinema of the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has had a significant film industry for over a century. While film production reached an all-time high in 1936,〔(【引用サイトリンク】BFI Screenonline: UK Feature Films Produced 1912–2003 )〕 the 'golden age' of British cinema is usually thought to have occurred in the 1940s, during which the directors David Lean,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Directors' Top Ten Directors )〕 Michael Powell, (with Emeric Pressburger)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Powell, Michael (1905–1990) )〕 and Carol Reed〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Reed, Carol (1906–1976) )〕 produced their most highly acclaimed work. Many British actors have achieved international fame and critical success, including Michael Caine,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Caine, Michael (1933-) )〕 Sean Connery〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Connery, Sean (1930-) )〕 and Kate Winslet.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Winslet, Kate (1975-) )〕 Some of the films with the largest ever box office returns have been made in the United Kingdom, including the second and third highest-grossing film series (''Harry Potter'' and James Bond). The identity of the British industry, and its relationship with Hollywood, has been the subject of debate. The history of film production in Britain has often been affected by attempts to compete with the American industry. The career of the producer Alexander Korda was marked by this objective, the Rank Organisation attempted to do so in the 1940s, and Goldcrest in the 1980s. Numerous British-born directors, including Alfred Hitchcock and Ridley Scott,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Scott, Sir Ridley (1937-) )〕 and performers, such as Charlie Chaplin〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chaplin, Charles (1889–1977) )〕 and Cary Grant, have achieved success primarily through their work in the United States.
In 2009 British films grossed around $2 billion worldwide and achieved a market share of around 7% globally and 17% in the United Kingdom.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UK film - the vital statistics )〕 UK box-office takings totalled £1.1 billion in 2012,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cinemauk.org.uk/facts-and-figures/admissions/annual-uk-box-office-and-average-annual-spending-2000-2012/ )〕 with 172.5 million admissions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cinemauk.org.uk/facts-and-figures/admissions/monthly-uk-cinema-admissions-2004-2012/ )〕
The British Film Institute has produced a poll ranking what they consider to be the 100 greatest British films of all time, the BFI Top 100 British films.〔(British Film Institute | The BFI 100 ) bfi.org〕 The annual BAFTA awards hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts are the British equivalent of the Academy Award.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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